Tarihin kasar Najeriya
Najeriya, kasa ce ta Afirka da ke gabar tekun Guinea, tana da alamomi da dama da kuma namun daji. Wurare masu kariya irin su Cross River National Park da Yankari National Park suna da magudanan ruwa da dazuzzuka masu yawa . Daya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi sani shine Zuma Rock, mai tsayin mita 725 a wajen babban birnin tarayya Abuja wanda ke kan kudin kasar.
Tarihi ya nuna cewar Nijeriya dadaddar kasa ce, kuma tarihi yanuna kasar na nan tun a shekara ta 500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa Yesu Almasihu (A.S), a wannan lokaci sunanta Ƙasar Hausa, sana’ar karfe Itace sana’ar mutanen wannan zamani, wato al’adar Nok.
Al’adar Nok, da turanci Nok culture takasance wata al'umma ce da suka rayu tun a Zamanin Karfe, kuma ayyukansu da kayayyakinsu wadanda akasamu a yankin ake dangantasu da sunan mutanen kauyen Ham dake garin Nok a arewacin Najeriya, wanda ananne aka samu shahararrun sarrafe sarrafan ayyukan su na farko a shekara ta 1928.
addinin musulunci ya shiga Kasar Hausa ne tun karni na goma sha uku miladiya, kanim barno suka mamaye Kasar Hausa, su kuma fulani sun mamaye kasar Hausa a farkon karni na goma sha tara miladiya har zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka. bayan da turawa suka mamaye Lagos a shekara ta 1881 miladiya, sun cigaba sai da suka mamaye najeriyar baki dayanta a shekara ta 1885 , ana cikin Yakin duniya I na farko sai turawan mulkin mallaka suka karo sojojin ruwa saboda suna tsoran jamusawa da ke kamaru kada sumamaye Nijeriya, amma mulkin Nijeriya na farko a hannun turawan Purtgal ya fara.
Najeria Kasace dake yammancin africa, an kirkiri Wannan kasa ne a shekara ta 1914 daga turawan yamma na birtaniya. kasar ta kasance tanada sassa guda biyu, Kudancin Nigeria da arewacin najeria wanda a wancan lokaci kowannensu kasace mai zaman kanta karkashin birtaniya.
A karni na 19 Sir Frederick Lugard yayi gamayyarsu waje daya.
A yau kasar Najeriya tanada yawan adadin jama’a da yakai miliyan 211, kasar tayi iyaka da kasar Niger daga arewaci, Chadi daga Arewa maso gabas, Kamaru daga gabas, da Benin daga yamma, sai daga kudanci kuma ta na gabar Tekun Guinea na tekun Atlantika. Jamhuriyar tarayyar Najeriya ta ƙunshi jihohi guda 36 tare da babban birnin tarayya Abuja inda fadar shugaban ƙasar taketake a can. garuruwa mafi girman yawan jama’a tareda karfin tattalin arziki sune garin legas dake kudancin kasar da kuma garin kanon Dabo dake arewacin kasar.
Kasar tanada Manyan kabilun guda uku sune Hausa – Fulani a Arewa mai kaso 36% na yawan jama’ar kasar, Yarbawa a yamma wanda keda kason jama’a 15%, da kuma Igbo a gabas wanda ke da yawan jama’a kimanin kaso 14%, da kuma sauran kananan yaruka daban daban sama da 250 a kasar.
Kamar yadda shafin wikipedia ya nuna cewa yawan musulman kasar najeria nada kaso 60% a inda addinin kirista keda kaso 35% sauran addinai kuma nada kaso 5%, watakila saboda bayan yawan musulman arewacin najeria, a kudanci fiye da rabin ‘yan kabilar yarabawa musulami ne suma.
Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya tabbatar da ‘yancin yin addini, kuma kasa ce dake dauke da Al’ummar musulmai da Krista a lokaci guda.
Najeriya ita ce kasa mafi yawan mutane a Afirka, kuma kasa ta bakwai mafi yawan mutane a Duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 211 . Tattalin arzikinta shine mafi girma a Afirka, na 26 mafi girma a duniya. Najeriya galibi ana kiranta da "Giant of Africa", saboda yawan jama'a da tattalin arzikinta,
kuma Bankin Duniya yana ɗaukarta a matsayin kasuwa mai tasowa. sannan kuma tana daya daga cikin kasashe mafi yawan Al’umma a duniya, Najeriya mamba ce ta kafuwar Tarayyar Afirka kuma mamba ce a kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da dama, wadanda suka hada da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Kungiyar Kasashe, ECOWAS, da OPEC tareda kasancewa member a kungiyar kasashen Musulunci na Duniya wato OIC: Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Sunan Nijeriya an ɗauke shi daga Kogin Neja daya ratsa ƙasar. Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun a shekara ta1897, daga ‘yar jaridar Ingila Flora Shaw, wanda daga baya ta auri Lord Lugard, mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Najeriya. kuma Nijar da ke makwabtaka da kasar itama sun samo sunan daga wannan kogin ne suma din.
A shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1979 sojoji ne ke ikon kasar, bayan rasuwar Sani Abacha, sai aka maido da tsarin mulki na dimokaradiya akabawa talakawa ikon zaben shugaban da suke so, wato tsarin mulkin demoradiyya.
