Jamhuriyar Nijar ta samo sunan ta ne daga kogin Naija duk kuwa da cewa ba ta kusa da wata babban mashigin ruwa. Nijar na makwabtaka da Najeriya da Benin ta kudanci, Burkina Faso da Mali ta yammaci, Aljeriya da Libiya ta arewaci, sai kasar Chadi ta bangaren gabas.
Kodayake sai a cikin karni na goma sha tara ne Turawa kamar Mungo Park dan kasar Burtaniya, suka fara shiga can bangaren kogin Naija, to amma dai tun kafin wannan lokacin Faransa ke ta kokarin ganin ta mallaki Nijar, inda ta samu nasara a shekarar 1890.
A wannan lokaci Faransa ta na da gwamnonin dake tafiyar da harkokin dukkanin yankunan da ta mamaye a yammacin Afirka ciki harda Nijar, wadanda ke aiki karkashin babban gwamna, wanda ke zaune a Dakar na kasar Senegal.
Ranar goma sha takwas ga watan Disambar shekarar 1958, Niger ta zamo Jumhuriya mai cin gashin kanta a karkashin ikon Faransa.
Sannan a ranar uku ga watan Agusta na 1960, jamhuriyar Nijar ta samu 'yancin kai, wato shekaru hamsin da suka wuce.
