An haifi Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani a shekarar 1960 a yankin Tillabéri na Jamhuriyar Nijar, yankin da ke yammacin ƙasar kuma sananne wajen samar da sojoji ga rundunar tsaron ƙasa. Tchiani ya fito ne daga kabilar Hausa, wacce ita ce mafi rinjaye a Nijar.
Fara Sana'ar Soja
A shekarar 1984, Tchiani ya shiga rundunar sojan Nijar. Daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Koyar da Sojoji ta Ƙasa (École d'application de l'infanterie) da ke Thiès, Senegal, inda ya samu horo kan dabarun soja. Wikipedia
Matsayin Jagoranci a Rundunar Soja
Kafin ya zama kwamandan rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa, Tchiani ya jagoranci rundunoni a yankunan Zinder, Agadez, da Diffa, inda ya yi gwagwarmaya da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi. A shekarar 1989, shi ne jami'in soja na farko da ya isa wurin hatsarin jirgin UTA Flight 772 a hamadar Ténéré, lamarin da ya samu yabo akansa. Haka kuma, ya halarci ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Ƙot d'Ivuwa, Sudan, da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo. Bugu da ƙari, ya taka rawa a rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasashen Nijar, Chadi, Najeriya, da Kamaru wajen yaƙi da Boko Haram.
Shugabancin Rundunar Tsaron Shugaban Ƙasa
A shekarar 2011, tsohon shugaban ƙasa Mahamadou Issoufou ya naɗa Tchiani a matsayin kwamandan rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa, inda ya kasance amintaccen abokin aiki. A shekarar 2018, an haɓɓaka shi zuwa matsayin janar. Duk da cewa a shekarar 2015 an zarge shi da hannu a yunkurin juyin mulki, kotu ta wanke shi daga tuhumar. A shekarar 2021, Tchiani ya jagoranci rundunar da ta hana yunkurin juyin mulki kwanaki biyu kafin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa mai jiran gado, Mohamed Bazoum, wanda ya ci gaba da riƙe shi a matsayin kwamandan rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa. Wikipedia
Juyin Mulki na 2023
A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2023, Tchiani ya jagoranci rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa wajen tsare shugaban ƙasa Mohamed Bazoum a fadar shugaban ƙasa da ke Niamey, babban birnin Nijar, a wani yunkurin juyin mulki. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa Tchiani ne ya jagoranci juyin mulkin, musamman bayan rade-radin cewa Bazoum na shirin sauke shi daga mukaminsa. A ranar 28 ga Yuli, Tchiani ya ayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa don Tsare Ƙasa (National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland), yana mai cewa an yi juyin mulkin ne don hana "lalacewar ƙasa a hankali." Ya kuma soki manufofin tsaron gwamnatin da ta gabata bisa zargin rashin inganci. Wikipedia
Mulki da Manufofi
Bayan karɓar mulki, Tchiani ya jagoranci Nijar shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa da ƙasashen Burkina Faso da Mali, inda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Jihohin Sahel (Alliance of Sahel States). A karkashin mulkinsa, sojojin Amurka da na Tarayyar Turai sun fice daga ƙasar, sannan Nijar ta kusanci Rasha, inda sojojin haya na ƙungiyar Wagner suka zo taimakawa yaƙi da 'yan tawaye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Manufofin cikin gida na Tchiani sun haɗa da:
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Sabunta rundunar sojan ƙasa.
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Inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki, musamman ta hanyar rage dogaro kan haƙar ma'adinai kamar uranium, ta hanyar zuba jari a fannoni kamar noma, gina ababen more rayuwa, da sabunta makamashi.
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Yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa.
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A watan Disamba 2024, Tchiani ya zargi Faransa da Najeriya da haɗin baki da ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye don tayar da zaune tsaye a Nijar, tare da zargin Najeriya da lalata bututun mai zuwa Benin. Najeriya ta musanta waɗannan zarge-zargen. A watan Janairu 2025, bisa ga rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Nijar ta zama ƙasa ta farko a Afirka da ta kawar da cutar onchocerciasis, wani yunƙuri da aka fara tun kafin mulkin soja.
Kammalawa
Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani ya taka rawa mai muhimmanci a tarihin siyasar Nijar, daga shugabancin rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa zuwa jagorantar juyin mulki na 2023, wanda ya canza tsarin mulkin ƙasar. Duk da yake mulkinsa ya fuskanci suka daga ƙasashen duniya, ya kuma samu yabo kan wasu nasarori, musamman a fannin kiwon lafiya.
