API

Abinda Ya Sa Jamhuriyar Nijar Ta Zaɓi Hausa a Matsayin Sabon Harshen Ƙasa?

A cikin wani mataki mai ɗaukar hankali da kuma nuna canji mai zurfi a tsarin siyasa da zamantakewar ƙasar, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Jamhuriyar Nijar ta ayyana harshen Hausa a matsayin sabon harshen ƙasa, wanda hakan ya kawar da tsohon harshen Faransanci da ake amfani da shi tun bayan mulkin mallaka. Wannan mataki ya janyo cece-kuce da ra’ayoyi da dama a fadin nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya.



1. Hausa a Nijar: Tarihi da Mahimmanci

Harshen Hausa yana daya daga cikin manyan harsunan Afirka waɗanda ke da yawan mabiya da masu magana da shi a nahiyar. A cewar Wikipedia, Hausa yana da fiye da mutane miliyan 30 da ke magana da shi a matsayin harshe na farko, sannan wasu fiye da miliyan 20 suna amfani da shi a matsayin yaren biyu a Nijar da sauran ƙasashe kamar Najeriya, Ghana, Kamaru, Chadi, da Sudan (Wikipedia, Languages of Niger).

A Nijar, Hausa ne yaren da yafi yawan jama'a ke amfani da shi a cikin gida da kasuwanci, har da addini da rubuce-rubuce. Wannan ya sanya Hausa ya zama harshen da ke da ikon haɗa jama'a tare da taimakawa wajen fahimtar juna a cikin al'umma mai yawan harsuna (Daily Trust, 2024).

2. Matsayin Faransanci da Dabarar Mulkin Mallaka

Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1960, Faransanci ne harshen hukuma na Nijar — wanda ya kasance a matsayin harshen gwamnati, ilimi, da kasuwanci. Sai dai kuma, yawan jama’ar da ke iya magana da Faransanci bai taka kara ya karya ba. Bisa kididdigar UNESCO, kasa da kashi 20 cikin 100 ne kawai a Nijar ke iya karatu da rubutu cikin Faransanci (UNESCO, 2023).

A bisa haka, ƙasashe da dama sun fara korafi kan irin tasirin da harshen mallaka ke yi wajen dakushe harsunan asali. A cewar Business Insider Africa, gwamnatin mulkin soja a Nijar ta bayyana cewa sauya harshen ƙasa daga Faransanci zuwa Hausa wani yunƙuri ne na "kawo karshen ragamar tasirin mulkin mallaka daga Faransa" (Business Insider Africa, 2024).

3. Dalilan Da Suka Sanya Zaɓin Hausa

  • Yawan Masu Magana: Hausa na da fadi sosai a Nijar, musamman a yankunan Maradi, Zinder da Tahoua. Yana da saukin fahimta kuma yana haɗa jama'a daga sassa daban-daban.
  • Harshe na Tarihi da Al’adu: Hausa yana da dogon tarihi a Nijar tun kafin zuwan Turawa. Yana da rubutattun littattafai na addini, tarihi, waƙoƙi da adabi tun ƙarni na 14, ciki har da tsarin Ajami (rubuce-rubuce cikin larabci amma da Hausa) (Wikipedia, Hausa Ajami).
  • Karfafa Ƙwarewar Cikin Gida: Ayyana Hausa a matsayin harshen ƙasa zai taimaka wajen gina wata sabuwar ƙasa da ke dogara da al’adunta maimakon al’adar Turawa.
  • Sauƙin Samun Sadarwa da Ilimi: Da zarar harshen Hausa ya samu ƙarfafa a makarantu da hukumomi, zai ƙara yawan wadanda ke samun ilimi a gida cikin sauƙi.

4. Kalubale da Tunanin Gaba

Duk da irin wannan cigaba, akwai wasu kalubale da za a iya fuskanta:

  • Rashin daidaito tsakanin masu amfani da Hausa da masu amfani da sauran harsunan gida kamar Zarma, Kanuri da Fulfulde.
  • Bukatar sake tsara tsarin ilimi da fassarar dokoki da litattafan gwamnati zuwa Hausa.
  • Tabbatar da cewa wannan sauyi bai zama wata hanyar tauye wasu harsuna ko kabilu ba.

5. Abin Da Wannan Ke Nuna Ga Sauran Ƙasashe

Nijar ta shiga jerin ƙasashen da ke ƙoƙarin dawo da martabar al’adu da harsunan asali. Wannan mataki na iya zama abin koyi ga sauran ƙasashe da har yanzu suke jingina da harsunan mulkin mallaka.

“Sauya harshen ƙasa daga Faransanci zuwa Hausa ba kawai canjin yare bane, canjin tunani ne da fahimtar kai.”
— Ministan Yaɗa Labarai na Nijar, cikin wata sanarwa (Daily Trust, 2024)

Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, zaɓin Hausa a matsayin sabon harshen ƙasa a Jamhuriyar Nijar ba kawai sauyi ne na harshe ba — sauyi ne na tarihi, siyasa, al’adu da akida. Wannan lamari yana nuna cewa ƙasashe na iya karɓar canji idan sun san inda suke son kai kansu. Nijar ta ɗauki matakin da zai ƙarfafa tushen al’umma, kuma wannan zai iya kasancewa hanyar kawo sabon salo na gina ƙasa bisa harshe da al’adun gida.

Manazarta (References):

  1. Daily Trust (2024). Niger Dumps French, Adopts Hausa as National Language. Retrieved from: https://dailytrust.com/niger-dumps-french-adopts-hausa-as-national-language

  2. Business Insider Africa (2024). Niger downgrades French as it distances from its colonial past. Retrieved from: https://africa.businessinsider.com

  3. Wikipedia (2024). Languages of Niger. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Niger

  4. Wikipedia (2024). Hausa Ajami. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_Ajami

  5. UNESCO (2023). Language and Literacy Report in West Africa. [UNESCO Statistics]

Would you like this adapted into audio narration script format (with pauses and delivery suggestions)?