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Tarihin Rikicin Iran da Isra’ila da Amurka

Asalin Rikicin da Ya Fara Fiye da Shekaru 40

Wannan shi ne labarin wani yaƙi da ba a taɓa ayyana shi a hukumance ba. Yaƙi ne da ya fara sama da shekaru arba’in da suka wuce, amma har yanzu tasirinsa yana girgiza siyasar Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Rikicin yana tsakanin Iran a gefe guda, da kuma Amurka da Isra’ila a ɗaya gefen. Ba rikicin siyasa kaɗai ba ne, har ma rikici ne na akida da dabarun siyasa. Rikici ne da ke haifar da tsoro, fushi da ƙiyayya a yankin.

Idan har wannan rikici ya rikide zuwa cikakken yaƙi, akwai yiwuwar ya jefa Gabas ta Tsakiya cikin wuta, har ma ya haifar da sabon rikicin duniya.

Domin fahimtar wannan rikici, dole ne mu koma baya cikin tarihi.



Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1979, wani tsohon malamin addini mai suna Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ya dawo Iran daga gudun hijira a Faransa.

Shekaru 15 yana gudun hijira, amma dawowarsa ta zama alamar ƙarshen mulkin Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, sarkin Iran wanda ya yi mulki kusan shekaru 40.

A shekarar 1978, dubban mutane sun fara zanga-zanga a Tehran suna adawa da gwamnatin Shah. Mutane da yawa suna ganin gwamnatin sa:

  • Ta zama kama-karya
  • Ta cika da cin hanci
  • Kuma tana tilasta salon rayuwar yammacin duniya

Masu zanga-zangar sun kuma zargi Amurka da Isra’ila da goyon bayan gwamnatin Shah.

A wancan lokacin abin mamaki ne cewa Iran na daga cikin manyan abokan Isra’ila da Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Kifewar Mulkin Shah

Bayan tashin hankali da zanga-zanga masu yawa, sojojin Shah sun bude wuta kan masu zanga-zanga a abin da aka kira Black Friday.

Mutane da yawa sun mutu, kuma wannan lamari ya ƙara fusata jama’a.

A ƙarshe Shah ya tsere daga Iran.

Bayan kwana kaɗan na faɗa a titunan Tehran, juyin juya hali ya yi nasara.

Ayatollah Khomeini ya zama sabon shugaban Iran, kuma aka kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.

Sabuwar gwamnati ta yanke duk wata alaƙa da:

  • Isra’ila
  • Amurka

Ofishin jakadancin Isra’ila a Tehran ma aka mayar da shi ofishin jakadancin Falasdinu.

Rikicin Garkuwa da Ma’aikatan Jakadancin Amurka

A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1979, dalibai masu goyon bayan juyin juya hali sun mamaye ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Tehran.

Sun kama diplomats 52 a matsayin garkuwa.

Wannan rikici ya ɗauki kwanaki 444 kafin a sako su.

Wannan lamari ya zama babban dalilin da ya sa dangantakar Iran da Amurka ta lalace sosai.

Yaƙin Lebanon da Haihuwar Hezbollah

A shekarar 1982, Isra’ila ta kai hari Lebanon domin fatattakar kungiyar PLO ta Falasdinu.

Amma wannan mamaya ta haifar da wani sabon abu.

A cikin al’ummar Shi’a na Lebanon, wasu matasa suka kafa kungiyar da ake kira Hezbollah.

Iran ta ba wannan kungiyar:

  • makamai
  • horo
  • kuɗi

A hankali Hezbollah ta zama babban abokin Iran a yankin.

Wannan ya haifar da wani sabon tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin:

  • Iran
  • Syria
  • Hezbollah

Hare-haren Hezbollah

A shekarar 1983, wasu hare-haren bam sun kashe:

  • sojojin Amurka 241
  • sojojin Faransa 58

Wannan ya sa Amurka da Isra’ila suka fara ganin Iran a matsayin babbar barazana.

A lokaci guda kuma Hezbollah ta fara yaƙi da Isra’ila a kudancin Lebanon.

Rikicin Nukiliya

Daga shekarun 1990s, Isra’ila ta fara zargin cewa Iran na ƙoƙarin kera makaman nukiliya.

Amurka ta sanya takunkumin tattalin arziki kan Iran domin hana ta samun wannan fasaha.

Rikicin siyasa tsakanin bangarorin ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Yarjejeniyar Nukiliya ta 2015

A shekarar 2015, gwamnatin shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ta cimma yarjejeniya da Iran.

Iran ta amince:

  • ta rage shirin nukiliyarta
  • ta daina neman makamin nukiliya

A madadin haka:

  • za a rage mata takunkumi

Amma Isra’ila ta yi adawa sosai da wannan yarjejeniya.

Ficewar Amurka daga Yarjejeniyar

A shekarar 2018, shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya janye Amurka daga yarjejeniyar nukiliyar.

Tun daga wannan lokaci rikicin tsakanin:

  • Iran
  • Amurka
  • Isra’ila

ya sake tsananta.

Kammalawa

Tun daga juyin juya halin Iran na 1979, rikici tsakanin Iran da Amurka da Isra’ila bai taɓa zama cikakken yaƙi ba, amma kuma bai taɓa zama zaman lafiya ba.

Fiye da shekaru 40, yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na rayuwa cikin wannan yanayin:

  • rashin yarda
  • gasa ta siyasa
  • da kuma barazanar yaƙi

Kuma har yanzu ba a san yadda wannan rikici zai ƙare ba.